天津春稻和麦茬稻品质特性比较

以天津市培育的优质小站稻品种津川1号和隆优619为供试材料,分析了春稻和麦茬稻品质特性的差异。结果表明,津川1号作麦茬稻的整精米率明显低于作春稻,而垩白粒率显著高于春稻;津川1号麦茬稻的蛋白质含量明显偏高,食味值显著低于春稻;隆优619作春稻和麦茬稻无论在外观、加工、食味还是营养品质方面均无显著差异,是较理想的麦茬连作品种。     

青海省祁连圆柏天然林单木生物量模型构建

利用祁连圆柏整株生物量与生长指标数据，为估算祁连圆柏林的生物量估算提供参考。通过野外调查，共获取了63株祁连圆柏天然林样木生物量与生长指标实测数据。用其中50株样木数据进行回归模拟，用其余的13株样木数据对模型可靠性进行检验，构建器官生物量与生长指标间的回归模型。结果表明，祁连圆柏单木水平下，树干生物量模型的R²_adj为0.96，均方根、模型有效性和残差系数分别为0.50、0.85和0.05；枝条生物量模型的R²_adj为0.897，均方根、模型有效性和残差系数分别为0.69、0.80和-0.66；叶生物量模型的R²_adj为0.61，均方根、模型有效性和残差系数分别为0.54、0.86和0.15；根生物量模型的R²_adj为0.93，均方根、模型有效性和残差系数分别为0.12、0.997 和-0.01。在调查数据范围内构建的模型较好地反映了祁连圆柏生物量与生长指标间的关系，形式简单、使用方便；与实测值相比，树干与叶生物量模拟值偏小，枝和根偏大。     

Glacier mass balance in High Mountain Asia inferred from a GRACE release-6 gravity solution for the period 2002–2016

We provide estimates of glacier mass changes in the High Mountain Asia (HMA) area from April2002 to August 2016 by employing a new version of gravity solutions of the Gravity Recovery and ClimateExperiment (GRACE) twin-satellite mission. We find a total mass loss trend of the HMA glaciers at a rateof –22.17 (±1.96) Gt/a. The largest mass loss rates of –7.02 (±0.94) and –6.73 (±0.78) Gt/a are found forthe glaciers in Nyainqentanglha Mountains and Eastern Himalayas, respectively. Although most glaciers inthe HMA area show a mass loss, we find a small glacier mass gain of 1.19 (±0.55) and 0.77 (±0.37) Gt/a inKarakoram Mountains and Western Kunlun Mountains, respectively. There is also a nearly zero massbalance in Pamirs. Our estimates of glacier mass change trends confirm previous results from the analysisof altimetry data of the ICESat (ICE, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite) and ASTER (AdvancedSpaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) DEM (Digital Elevation Model) satellites inmost of the selected glacier areas. However, they largely differ to previous GRACE-based studies which weattribute to our different post-processing techniques of the newer GRACE data. In addition, we explicitlyshow regional mass change features for both the interannual glacier mass changes and the 14-a averagedseasonal glacier mass changes. These changes can be explained in parts by total net precipitation (netsnowfall and net rainfall) and net snowfall, but mostly by total net radiation energy when compared to datafrom the ERA5-Land meteorological reanalysis. Moreover, nearly all the non-trend interannual masschanges and most seasonal mass changes can be explained by the total net radiation energy data. The massloss trends could be partly related to a heat effect due to increased net rainfall in Tianshan Mountains, QilianMountains, Nyainqentanglha Mountains and Eastern Himalayas. Our new results for the glacier mass changein this study could help improve the understanding of glacier variation in the HMA area and contribute tothe study of global change. They could also serve the utilization of water resources there and in neighboringareas.     

视觉传达设计中的人性化设计及其在家具设计中的应用

当年轻族群成为终端消费市场上的主流之后,为有效满足这些年轻人个性化的需求,在家具生产与设计的过程中,越来越多的人性化、个性化设计方案被投入实际应用中,这不仅有效增强了这些家具的实用性,同时也扩充了其适用性。概述了视觉传达设计中的人性化设计,阐释了家具人性化设计具体内涵,详细分析了家具人性化设计基本特征,进而对家具人性化设计发展趋势进行研判,以期为人性化设计理念在家具设计中广泛应用提供参考。     

Shikonin inhibits neuronal apoptosis induced by OGD through targeting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

AIM: To explore the effect of shikonin on rat primary cortical neurons in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury model.METHODS: The neurons were pretreated with shikonin at different concentrations (0.02, 0.2, 2 and 20 μmol/L) followed by treatment with OGD. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) double staining were used to detect neuronal viability and apoptosis, and then the optimal concentration of shikonin was determined. LY294002 (PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor, 1 μmol/L) was added before the addition of shikonin, and the protein level of p-Akt (Ser473) in the neurons was determined by Wes-tern blot. LDH release assay and FDA/PI double staining were also used to detect neuronal viability and apoptosis.RESULTS: A certain concentration (0.2~20 μmol/L) of shikonin increased the viability of impaired neurons (P<0.05) and the protein level of p-Akt (Ser473) in the neurons (P<0.05). The effect of shikonin on neuronal p-Akt (Ser473) levels and the cell death were blocked by LY294002 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: A certain concentration of shikonin reduces OGD-induced apoptosis of rat primary cortical neurons by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.     

超声波辅助提取荷叶多酚工艺及其动力学分析

以微山湖荷叶为试材,用超声波辅助提取荷叶多酚,在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化提取工艺,并建立4种数学模型对提取过程的动力学进行研究,采用决定系数(R2)、精准因子(Af)、偏差因子(Bf)和根平均方差(RMSE)4种模型评价参数对模型的适用性进行分析。结果表明:当乙醇体积分数68%、料液比1∶25 g·mL-1、提取温度40℃、提取时间38 min时,荷叶多酚得率为3.231%;2种非线性增长函数模型,即Sgompertz模型和Slogistic1模型能很好地拟合荷叶多酚提取的动力学过程。超声波辅助提取的工艺参数及所建立的动力学数学模型,均可用于荷叶多酚提取过程的工程放大和优化控制。     

播种期对新疆啤酒大麦农艺性状与蛋白质含量的影响

为确定新疆啤酒大麦优质高产栽培的适宜播种期,选用甘啤4号、垦啤7号、新啤4号、新啤8号作为试验材料,设置4月9日、14日、19日、24日、29日5个播种期,研究不同播种期对4个品种啤酒大麦产量与蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明:甘啤4号、垦啤7号、新啤4号、新啤8号这4个品种在4月份播种均能正常成熟,播种早的生育期长,播种晚的生育期短。从生育期天数来看,新啤4号新脾8号甘啤4号垦啤7号,随着播种期的推迟产量逐渐降低,蛋白质含量逐渐升高。建议甘啤4号和垦啤7号等中晚熟品种适期进行早播。     

花前氮亏缺对水稻叶片氮代谢酶活性的影响

以籼型杂交稻中浙优1号和籼粳型杂交稻甬优12为材料,试验分析了花前不同时期氮亏缺处理对水稻叶片氮代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明,花前氮亏缺导致植株上3叶氮浓度、NR、GS、GOGAT、GOT和GPT酶活性大幅下降,GDH活性显著增长,且各叶位对花前氮亏缺敏感度总体上表现为剑叶倒2叶倒3叶;破口期亏氮对籼型杂交稻中浙优1号上3叶氮同化酶活性的影响远小于减数分裂期处理,与之相比,籼粳杂交稻甬优12对破口期亏氮胁迫仍较敏感,表明中浙优1号植株氮代谢酶的亏氮敏感性由减数分裂期至破口期逐步下降,对土壤速效氮的需求同步降低,甬优12则对土壤供氮存在更高需求。     

韩国稻作技术创新与转型

随着社会经济的发展及农业劳动力的转移,韩国水稻种植方式发生了转型。从上世纪70年代末期开始,韩国水稻机插秧比例快速上升,手插秧比例下降,到90年代基本实现了水稻种植的机械化;省工节本的直播稻产量受不确定因素影响较大,且稻米品质不如机插秧和手插秧,其种植面积出现了波动,现只占韩国水稻种植面积的4%左右。本文介绍了韩国水稻机插秧、湿润直播和旱直播技术的作业流程。